Изучение дистрибутивной справедливости в социальных науках: обзор концептуализаций и методологических подходов
Обзорная статья
Аннотация
Обзор посвящен концептуализациям дистрибутивной справедливости и методологическим подходам к ее исследованию в социальных науках. Особое внимание уделено проблемам неясной терминологии, сходствам и различиям исследовательских направлений, а также сопряженной с ними разнице в используемых методах эмпирического изучения дистрибутивной справедливости. В статье проясняются проблемы семантической многозначности, свойственной термину «справедливость», а также его соотношение с синонимичными терминами; рассматривается проблема многообразия существующих концепций дистрибутивной справедливости наряду с возможностью их прояснения и соотнесения между собой. Кратко обозреваются наиболее значимые направления исследований дистрибутивной справедливости в социальных науках, очерчиваются контуры сложившегося «разделения труда» в исследовательском поле. С учетом выявленной внутренней связи между тем, как дистрибутивная справедливость понимается и какими методами изучается, в статье предлагается классификация методов ее исследования, в качестве оснований которой выступают принятые в теориях предположения о природе социальных норм и такие методологические различия, как цель и объект исследования, а также метод сбора информации. Предложенная классификация может быть использована как для выбора подходящего метода, так и для прояснения концептуальных рамок дистрибутивной справедливости в отдельных эмпирических исследованиях.
Ключевые слова:
дистрибутивная справедливость, честность, предпочтения по распределению, концептуализация, методологический обзор, экспериментальные методы
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Статья
Поступила: 01.10.2019
Опубликована: 24.08.2020
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ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ И МЕТОДИКИ СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ
